MIT engineers design soft robot to move through small intestine
Engineers at MIT have designed a soft robotic enteroscope that inches through the small intestine using a snake-inspired motion. The study appears in the peer-reviewed journal Science Robotics.
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Professor Giovanni Traverso, a mechanical engineer at MIT and a gastroenterologist, led the work. A textured coating helps the robot grip the intestinal lining, and it can carry tools for imaging, biopsies, removing small polyps and delivering drugs. The team wants an easier and faster option than double balloon enteroscopy, which they call slow and laborious. The text shown does not report results in patients, so the clinical benefit is not yet shown.
Science
MIT study links APOE4 gene to faulty brain insulation
Researchers at MIT report that the APOE4 gene variant, the biggest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's, suppresses Wnt signalling in oligodendrocytes. These are the brain cells that make myelin, the insulation around neurons.
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Professor Li-Huei Tsai and Leyla Akay, a former graduate student, led the study in the peer-reviewed journal Cell Stem Cell. When the team restored Wnt signalling, myelination recovered in human cell cultures and in mice modelling Alzheimer's. They did this by inhibiting a protein called GSK3b. The work used cell cultures and mice only, so it has not been tested in people.
Science
Team maps family tree of over 1 million mouse embryo cells
Researchers in the lab of Professor Jonathan Weissman at MIT's Whitehead Institute tracked the family history of over a million cells in developing mouse embryos. The study, with Yale University and the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, appears in the peer-reviewed journal Cell.
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The team used a tool called PEtracer, which makes small DNA changes that pass to daughter cells, so scientists can work backward to find each cell's ancestors. They combined these trees with data on gene activity and cell position. The researchers say the map could help explain birth defects and cancer, and guide stem cell research. The work was done in mice, so any link to human health is still indirect.
Crime
SADTU urges North-West to make schools safe after principal stabbed
The teachers' union says a principal at Matlhonyane Primary School near Mahikeng was allegedly stabbed by a former learner last week. The union wants the provincial education department to put school safety first.
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The principal reportedly stepped in when a grade 6 learner was attacked near the school premises. The suspect, a former learner, allegedly carried out the attack. These details are allegations and have not been tested.
George Themba, the SADTU provincial secretary in the North-West, called on the Department of Education to make schools safe. He said: "We feel that our members are no longer safe in our schools".
EconomyPolitics
Department finalises revised Steel Master Plan to protect local steel
Trade, Industry and Competition Minister Parks Tau says the updated plan will help the steel sector decide on production and metal recycling. He says it also targets cheap imports, infrastructure theft and vandalism, and supply chain disruptions.
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Tau said the plan is designed to curb widespread infrastructure theft and vandalism. He said it will help the sector tackle core systemic threats.
The local steel industry faces heavy operational pressure. This includes cheap imports, damage to infrastructure and supply chain disruptions.
Tau also spoke about scrap metal. He said: "There’s work that we’re doing with regard to regulations around scrap exports."
Politics
Lesufi apologises to Johannesburg as Samwu strike disrupts services
Gauteng Premier Panyaza Lesufi said on Sunday that talks between the City of Johannesburg and the South African Municipal Workers' Union were nearing an end. He said an agreement could be signed within hours.
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Lesufi said the strike had undermined several government interventions and badly disrupted basic municipal services. He spoke at a media briefing on Sunday. Jacob Mamabolo, the Gauteng Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs MEC, was appointed to engage the city and the union.
Samwu general-secretary Dumisani Magagula defended the strike. He said the City had failed to implement the Politically Facilitated Agreement and blamed poor leadership and mismanagement. Reports said the union also demanded that the city implement wage resolutions from 2016, which could set the city back by R10bn.
Joburg Water kept water restrictions in place for a 24-hour period that started on Saturday, so reservoir levels could recover. Residents in Hillbrow and Berea said they had gone without running water for up to three weeks.
Annette Deppe, the DA ward councillor in Midrand, said taps were dry and emergency water tankers were nowhere to be seen. She shared messages from the city's water chief operating officer that said Midrand water systems were critically low.
Politics
Western Cape electoral chief says IEC is ready for Wednesday's vote
Michael Hendrickse, the Western Cape electoral chief of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), said teams are preparing voting stations and materials. He said the IEC considered safety because of gang conflict and taxi violence in parts of Cape Town.
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Hendrickse spoke ahead of the local government elections on Wednesday. He said teams are working hard to make sure voting stations are prepared and materials are in place.
He said the IEC took safety into account because of deadly gang conflict and taxi violence in parts of Cape Town. The South African Police Service is a security partner for the elections.
Hendrickse reminded voters to bring an accepted form of ID. He also told them to vote at the station where they are registered.
AnalysisEconomy
Anthropic's IPO listing: revenue hit $16.3bn in six months
Anthropic, PBC published its S-1 filing for a Nasdaq listing under the symbol ANT. Revenue grew from $386m in 2024 to $4.6bn in 2025, but a net loss of $80.7bn in the first half of 2026 came mostly from non-cash charges.
Anthropic, PBC has applied to list its Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The company will not receive proceeds from shares sold by selling stockholders.
Revenue was $41m in 2023 and $386m in 2024. It reached $4.6bn in 2025, which is about 12 times the 2024 level. In the six months to June 2026 it reached $16.3bn.
Parties hold final rallies before Wednesday's local elections
The ANC, EFF, DA and MK party made their last appeals to voters over the weekend. Service delivery and corruption dominated the campaigns, and the government of national unity has set aside R54bn for services in the eight metros.
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ANC president Cyril Ramaphosa gave the keynote address at the ANC Siyanqoba rally in KuGompo City on Sunday. He said: "We only win by convincing voters that this election is important." He also said the ANC has a clear and credible plan to build better communities.
The EFF held its Tshela Thupa rally at Orlando Stadium in Soweto on Saturday. EFF leader Julius Malema said municipalities have been captured by service providers, contractors, corrupt officials and politicians. The DA held its final rally in Mamelodi, Tshwane, on Saturday, where federal leader Geordin Hill-Lewis urged supporters to make the DA the biggest party in the country.
The MK party held its Sithatha Omasipala rally on Sunday. Party leader Jacob Zuma was expected to give the keynote address. The R54bn is meant mainly to fix water and electricity infrastructure.
Opposition parties said they expect the ANC to perform poorly. They said voters have grown disillusioned with poor service delivery.
Politics
IEC approves more than 2.6 million special votes
The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) says the approved applications are a 131 per cent increase on the 2021 municipal elections. Special voting runs for two days, on Monday and Tuesday, before election day on Wednesday 4 November.
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The IEC is set to brief the media on its state of readiness for the two-day special voting period. The approved applications cover the whole country.
General election day is Wednesday 4 November. Special voting takes place on the two days before it.
Crime
Free State pupil, 14, faces hearing over alleged attempt to touch teacher
The Free State education department says a grade 7 pupil allegedly tried to inappropriately touch a 32-year-old teacher on 27 October. A criminal case is being investigated, and the pupil's disciplinary hearing is set for 5 November.
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Department spokesperson Howard Ndaba said the teacher acted swiftly to protect herself. The teacher has received psychosocial support. The matter was reported to the school governing body and its disciplinary committee on 29 October.
The disciplinary hearing will start at 9am on 5 November. Police are investigating the criminal case that the department says was opened.
Free State education MEC MJ Maboya condemned the incident in a statement. He said: "We will not tolerate the abuse of teachers in our schools." He added that teachers should be able to work without fearing for their safety.
Politics
Ramaphosa misses ANC gala dinner after family member is hospitalised
ANC treasurer-general Gwen Ramakgopa said a family member of the president was in hospital, which kept him from the Progressive Business Forum dinner in Gqeberha on Saturday. ANC leaders billed the event as marking the end of the party's local election campaign.
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Ramaphosa was due to be the keynote speaker at the dinner, held at the KuGompo International Convention Centre in the Eastern Cape. ANC chair Gwede Mantashe described the absence as a family crisis.
Mantashe said Ramaphosa led the campaign from the front. He also said: "This campaign was quite formidable. I think we should make that assessment before we deal with the results because results can make you reach different conclusions."
Eastern Cape ANC chairperson Oscar Mabuyane said the campaign was extensive despite financial challenges. He called the Constitutional Court judgment on councillor candidates a huge relief.
The court ordered the Independent Electoral Commission to reinstate 181 ANC candidates. Candidates from 44 parties, 2 093 in all, remain excluded from the November local elections.
PoliticsEconomy
Tau says some African states demand more for market access
Trade, Industry and Competition Minister Parks Tau says trade friction with partners on the continent is hurting the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). He spoke at the 8th annual Kgalema Motlanthe Drakensberg Forum in KwaZulu-Natal.
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Tau said unresolved disagreements remain a major concern for regional trade integration. He added that regional integration has still shown progress. Reports said South Africa is in trade disputes with Botswana, Kenya, Nigeria and Mozambique.
Tau said Pretoria takes a constructive, solution-driven approach to resolve the impasses. He said South Africa will also protect its national interests.
Tau said some countries want South Africa to invest in them, not only export to them. In his words: "We’d want to see South Africa as an investor in our countries and not just as an exporter into those countries."
Sport
Boland beat Dolphins by seven wickets in Durban
Boland chased down 174/4 with 178/3 and three balls to spare in the YesPlay Pro20 Cup Super 8 at Hollywoodbets Kingsmead on Sunday. Openers Blayde Capell and Gavin Kaplan put on 119 runs to set up the win.
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Capell made 90 off 53 balls and Kaplan scored 55 off 44. Lehan Botha stayed not out on 26 and hit the winning runs for Boland, who are led by Glenton Stuurman.
Hanu Viljoen scored a maiden T20 century for the Dolphins, with 114 off 59 balls. Ntando Zuma added 42 not out off 41 balls.
Viljoen and Zuma shared a fourth wicket partnership of 162 off 96 balls, a Dolphins T20 record. The previous best cited was 93, by Van Jaarsveld and Bravo against the Warriors in 2014. Keshav Maharaj captains the Dolphins.
PoliticsCrime
Gauteng safety committee wants tighter security at high-risk voting stations
The Gauteng Portfolio Committee on Safety wants police to be highly visible at stations and areas identified as high risk. It also said political intimidation must not be tolerated before the local government elections this week.
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Committee chairperson Thebe Khumalo spoke in a statement ahead of the elections. He said: "no political contest is worth a single life lost and no political difference justifies violence, intimidation or the destruction of community relations."
The committee said law enforcement visibility should be a priority at the high-risk stations and areas. A related article refers to 331 high-risk voting stations that the South African Police Service (SAPS) identified for the municipal polls.
PoliticsCrime
Gauteng police rate 119 voting stations as high-risk
Gauteng acting police commissioner Fred Kekana said police are ready for a free and safe local government election. Of the province's 2 836 voting stations, 119 are high-risk, 371 are medium-risk and 2 336 are low-risk.
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Kekana spoke at a media briefing hosted by Gauteng Premier Panyaza Lesufi on gender-based violence and femicide. He said police plans work with local traffic police, private security companies and the SANDF soldiers deployed in the province. He said all high-risk stations get special planning, resources and guarding.
Johannesburg has 75 of the high-risk stations in Gauteng. Ekurhuleni has 23 and Tshwane has 14. The West Rand has three and Sedibeng has one.
Nationwide, police have named 331 voting stations as high-risk. The eThekwini metro in KwaZulu-Natal has 124 of them. National Police Commissioner Fannie Masemola said the week before that the SAPS is ready to ensure safe, secure and peaceful elections.
Politics
KZN parties hold final rallies before local election
The ANC, MK Party and IFP are making a last push for voters in KwaZulu-Natal before Wednesday's local government election. MK Party leader Jacob Zuma is expected to appear in public for the first time after a hospital stay.
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The ANC is holding its final Siyanqoba rally in eThekwini. The MK Party is also holding its final rally there. The IFP is holding its final rally in Ulundi.
Reports said early voting opens on Monday morning. Zuma spent about a week in hospital before the rallies.
The ANC has governed eThekwini, the only metro in KwaZulu-Natal, for 26 years. Several polls predict that its support will fall further. Polls also predict that the MK Party will be the biggest party in the metro.
Politics
Hlabisa urges peaceful vote as local elections near
The Inter-Ministerial Committee on Local Government Elections says preparations are on track for the vote on 4 November 2026. It reports 142 072 candidate nominations for 10 526 council seats and a voters' roll above 29 million.
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Cooperative Governance and Traditional AffairsMinister Velenkosini Hlabisa chairs the committee. He called on South Africans to protect democracy and take part peacefully. He said: "Your vote matters. Your voice matters. Your participation matters."
The Electoral Commission (IEC) says its results system is fit for purpose after independent testing and auditing. It says it addressed all findings. The National Results Operations Centre will coordinate results from 23 696 voting stations.
The committee said registration weekends in June and August led to almost 4.7 million interactions with voters. More than 750 000 new voters joined the roll. People under 29 made up 46% of new registrations in the final weekend.
The Department of Home Affairs is extending front-office hours for identity documents. The South African Weather Service said current forecasts do not point to significant adverse weather on election day. It said monitoring must continue.
Politics
McKenzie says DA may depend on ANC in Western Cape
Patriotic Alliance leader Gayton McKenzie says the DA's bargaining position in coalition talks has weakened ahead of the 4 November local government elections. He predicts the DA will lose its majority in several Western Cape municipalities.
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McKenzie made the claims in a series of posts on X. He said other parties increasingly show willingness to work with the ANC. He said the EFF and the MK Party moved from refusing to join the Government of National Unity (GNU) to joining only if the DA and FF Plus stay out.
McKenzie accused the DA of alienating possible partners through its treatment of smaller parties during campaigns. He said the ANC was more accommodating. He named George, Saldanha Bay, Matzikama, Stellenbosch, the Cape Town metro and Swellendam as places where the DA will lose its majority.
He also said ANC secretary-general Fikile Mbalula is irritated with the DA, and that Mbalula's criticism matches that of Gauteng premier Panyaza Lesufi. McKenzie wrote: "The DA will have no leverage left in a few days."
Politics
IEC to brief media on special votes readiness
The Electoral Commission approved a record 2 655 067 special vote applications for the 2026 Local Government Elections, up 131% from 2021. Chief Electoral Officer Sy Mamabolo will brief the media at 6pm on Sunday.
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The briefing will take place at the National Results Operations Centre. The co-chairs of the National Joint Operational and Intelligence Structure (NATJOINTS) will also speak on the readiness of the security cluster. The special votes are set for 2 and 3 November.
The Electoral Commission approved 678 525 home visit applications for 2026. That is 171 118 (33.7%) more than the 507 407 approved in 2021. In 2021 the commission approved 1 147 759 special vote applications in all.
Online platforms received 2 426 066 of the applications. Staff captured another 171 214 manual applications at commission offices.
National Police Commissioner Fannie Masemola said the South African Police Service is operationally ready to secure the elections. He said: "We have been planning for these elections for several months".
Tech
Education expert urges schools to use smartphones for learning
James Lees, CEO of Advantage Learn, says smartphones can help learners reach educational content if used correctly. He says most South African learners use their phones more for entertainment than for education.
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Lees said smartphones can help learners with their studies. He said they can ease problems such as a lack of resources and a lack of access to teachers, if control and use are deliberate.
He said parents and schools should guide learners on responsible cellphone use. Lees said: "We see the use of phones as quite a big opportunity if the control and usage are done very deliberately."
Other
Search continues for man missing in surf at Betty's Bay
The National Sea Rescue Institute (NSRI), police divers and other rescue teams are searching for a 24-year-old man from Observatory in Cape Town. NSRI spokesperson Craig Lambinon said an air, sea and shoreline search has found no signs of him.
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Rescue teams responded to a reported drowning at Silver Sands in Betty's Bay on the Cape South Coast on Sunday. One report said the man went missing in the surf at Kleinmond. The search has used a helicopter.
Police divers from Water Policing and Diving Services continue to search. Police have opened an investigation.
Lambinon also spoke about the man's relatives. He said: "Thoughts and care are with the family and friends of the missing man in this difficult time."
PoliticsCrime
Gauteng committee urges calm ahead of 4 November elections
The Gauteng Provincial Legislature's Portfolio Committee on Community Safety asked parties, supporters and residents to reject political violence and intimidation. It also called on police to increase visibility and readiness at high-risk voting stations.
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The committee issued its statement on Sunday, ahead of the Local Government Elections on 4 November 2026. It said: "no political contest is worth a single life lost and no political difference justifies violence, intimidation or the destruction of community relations".
Approved special votes will be cast on 2 and 3 November 2026. The Electoral Commission approved 2 655 067 special vote applications for these elections. That is a 131% increase on the 1 147 759 approved for the 2021 elections.
The South African Local Government Association urged registered voters to make the election a priority. The statement also highlighted coordination between the Electoral Commission and law enforcement.
Economy
Eskom confirms Group CFO Calib Cassim is retiring
Cassim ends 24 years of service at the power utility. He will stay on as acting Group Chief Financial Officer until Eskom appoints a successor, the utility said in a statement issued on Saturday.
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Eskom said the retirement was announced on SENS on 1 October 2025. The Eskom Board and Executive Management thanked Cassim for his service.
Eskom said its return to profitability as he concludes his tenure is a fitting milestone. It said this reflects his significant contribution to the company over more than two decades.
Eskom will give updates on the new appointment in due course.
Politics
ANC holds final Siyanqoba Rally in Mdantsane
President Cyril Ramaphosa is due to address the crowd around noon on Sunday. The rally is the party's last major campaign event before Wednesday's municipal elections, after almost three months of campaigning.
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The rally takes place in Mdantsane in the Eastern Cape, outside Ku-Gompo City. Reports give the venue as the Sisa Dukashe Stadium, though one spelling reads Siza Dukashe.
Ramaphosa, who is the ANC president, said the party's message has resonated with the voters.
Politics
Ramaphosa to close ANC election campaign at Mdantsane rally
The ANC holds its Siyanqoba rally in Mdantsane, Buffalo City, on Sunday, a few hours before South Africans vote in local government elections. Polls cited in one report put the party below 50 per cent in the metro.
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The party also plans provincial mini rallies at four sites to close its campaign. Locations named include Knysna in the Western Cape and Bethlehem in the Free State.
Buffalo City is one of two metros where the ANC currently holds a clear majority. One report said the party faces a real prospect of losing the metro. It said Ramaphosa is expected to urge the party's faithful supporters to come out in their numbers.
Science
First human trial tests new antibody-drug for solid tumours
A first-in-human trial tested AZD8205 (puxitatug samrotecan), an antibody-drug conjugate that targets the B7-H4 protein, in patients with advanced solid tumours. The peer-reviewed results appear in Nature Communications.
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The Phase 1/2a study, called BLUESTAR, reports the drug's safety and how well it worked in heavily pretreated patients. These patients had ovarian, endometrial or breast cancer, or cholangiocarcinoma. It is an early look at a drug that could matter for gynaecological and breast cancers. It is an early-phase trial with small samples, and the drug is not yet proven in larger studies. AstraZeneca, the drug's developer, ran the trial.
Sport
Bulls, Stormers and Sharks win in URC as Lions lose
The Stormers beat Ulster 33-7, the Bulls beat the Scarlets 54-26 and the Sharks beat Munster 15-3 in Limerick in round five of the United Rugby Championship. The Lions lost 29-20 to Glasgow Warriors on Friday.
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Glasgow Warriors lead the table on 23 points. The Bulls and the Stormers follow on 21 points each. The Sharks have 19 points, the same as Edinburgh.
The Lions have 9 points and sit in 13th place. In another round-five match, Benetton beat Edinburgh 31-12 in Treviso.
The competition resumes early next month after the Nations Championship break.
PoliticsCrime
Lesufi to report on Gauteng gender-based violence response
Gauteng Premier Panyaza Lesufi will address the media in Marshalltown, Johannesburg, on Sunday on progress in the province's response to gender-based violence and femicide. It follows the murders of at least 13 women in Ekurhuleni between July and September.
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Reports said the bodies of the women were dumped across Ekurhuleni. Places named include Kempton Park, Tembisa, Springs and Kwa-Thema. The province's action plan includes tighter monitoring of police stations, audits and a crackdown on unlicensed liquor outlets.
The briefing follows a directive from President Cyril Ramaphosa to address attacks on women. Ramaphosa announced a four-point national intervention plan to tackle gender-based violence.
Provincial measures named include a 60-day audit of unresolved cases involving women and children. They also include 90-day recovery plans for priority cases and steps to process forensic backlogs.
Tech
TikTok may be building a super app beyond video
TikTok may be working to become the app people use for most of their digital activities. Reports say it could add services such as restaurant guides and payments, but the company has not confirmed any plan.
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The idea is that TikTok would grow past short video into other everyday services. Restaurant guides and payments are two areas named as possible additions.
A super app is a single app that combines many services, such as messaging, shopping and payments.